Fig. 6

Evaluation results of the quality and structural integrity of the purified VLPs by TEM, HA, and DLS. a The purified VLPs imaged by TEM with a magnification of 120,000 X. b HA test in a 96-well U shaped plate. Row 1: The results indicate the strong hemagglutination in the dilutions of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 and weakening of hemagglutination in the dilutions of 32, 64, and 128, and finally, the negative hemagglutination in the dilutions of 256, 512, and 1024. In total, the hemagglutination property of the produced VLPs indicates the quality and structural integrity of these nanoparticles. Row 2: The negative control of HA containing PBS and RBC without the presence of the VLP. c Calculation of the size distribution of CPV-VLP nanoparticles by DLS technique. This analysis shows that 68.8% of the formed nanoparticles had a size of about 25.12 nm and 31.2% of these nanoparticles had a size of about 184.4 nm