Table 2 Effect of C. equisetifolia extract incorporated with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) against toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) on the biochemical measurements related to the integrity of liver and brain tissues of rats

Liver

 TNF-α (pg/g tissue)

344.00 ± 0.95

343.20 ± 0.58

726.40 ± 1.50^a

427.40 ± 1.03^ab

591.60 ± 1.17^ab

 IL-6 (pg/g tissue)

415.40 ± 1.29

415.60 ± 1.50

877.17 ± 1.67^a

516.11 ± 1.66^ab

714.40 ± 2.12^ab

 Hydroxyproline (kg/mg tissue)

0.32 ± 0.00

0.33 ± 0.01

0.68 ± 0.01^a

0.40 ± 0.01^ab

0.55 ± 0.01^ab

 AChE (ng/g tissue)

0.50 ± 0.02

0.48 ± 0.02

0.31 ± 0.02^a

0.30 ± 0.02^a

0.29 ± 0.02^a

Brain

 TNF-α (pg/g tissue)

133.00 ± 0.55

134.00 ± 0.63

280.86 ± 1.65^a

165.26 ± 1.27^ab

228.73 ± 1.06^ab

 IL-6 (pg/g tissue)

224.80 ± 1.32

225.60 ± 0.60

474.68 ± 2.21^a

279.30 ± 1.73^ab

386.61 ± 2.37^ab

 β-Amyloid (pg/g tissue)

6.19 ± 0.01

6.19 ± 0.01

13.08 ± 0.04^a

7.69 ± 0.03^ab

10.65 ± 0.01^ab

 AChE (ng/g tissue)

9.37 ± 0.45

10.93 ± 0.79

7.63 ± 0.46^a

10.76 ± 0.44^b

9.60 ± 0.35^b