Table 1 Effect of C. equisetifolia extract incorporated with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) against toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) on markers of oxidative stress in liver and brain tissues of rats

Liver

 TAC (µmol/g)

30.79 ± 0.05

30.71 ± 0.09

12.90 ± 0.10^a

30.55 ± 0.41^b

26.03 ± 0.08^ab

 GSH (mg/g tissue)

14.63 ± 0.04

14.59 ± 0.02

6.13 ± 0.05^a

14.51 ± 0.17^b

12.40 ± 0.07^ab

 SOD (IU/g tissue)

18.09 ± 0.01

18.11 ± 0.01

7.58 ± 0.05^a

17.95 ± 0.23^b

15.33 ± 0.09^ab

 CAT (IU/g tissue)

9.20 ± 0.01

9.20 ± 0.01

3.85 ± 0.02^a

9.12 ± 0.12^b

7.80 ± 0.04^ab

 GPx (IU/g tissue)

8.40 ± 0.02

8.32 ± 0.01

3.49 ± 0.02^a

8.27 ± 0.10^b

7.07 ± 0.03^ab

Brain

 TAC (µmol/g)

27.18 ± 0.11

27.20 ± 0.12

11.38 ± 0.08^a

26.97 ± 0.34^b

23.04 ± 0.15^ab

 GSH (mg/g tissue)

8.75 ± 0.02

8.73 ± 0.02

3.67 ± 0.02^a

8.68 ± 0.11^b

7.40 ± 0.04^ab

 SOD (IU/g tissue)

11.39 ± 0.01

11.38 ± 0.01

4.77 ± 0.03^a

11.30 ± 0.14^b

9.64 ± 0.05^ab

 CAT (IU/g tissue)

6.69 ± 0.01

6.69 ± 0.01

2.80 ± 0.02^a

6.63 ± 0.09^b

5.66 ± 0.03^ab

 GPx (IU/g tissue)

5.28 ± 0.01

5.29 ± 0.01

2.21 ± 0.01^a

5.24 ± 0.06^b

4.47 ± 0.02^ab