Table 1 Risk of bias assessment of included studies
S. No | Author and Year | Ratio nale for study | Selection and definition of outcome of interest | Selection and comparability of comparison groups | Technical classification of the exposure | Non-technical classification of the exposure | Other sources of bias | Sample size and power | A priori planning of analyses | Statistical methods and control for confounding | Testing of assumptions and inferences for genetic analyses | Appropriateness of inferences drawn from results | Final Score | Qualit y of the study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bagherian et al., 2008 [17] | 6 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 41 | Moder ate |
2 | Olszowski et al., 2012 [26] | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 49 | Good |
3 | Briseño-Ruiz et al., 2013 [33] | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 47 | Good |
4 | Krasone et al., 2013 [24] | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 36 | Moderate |
5 | Yang et al., 2013 [27] | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 41 | Moder ate |
6 | Mubayrik et al., 2014 [28] | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 44 | Moder ate |
7 | Stanley et al., 2014 [34] | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 49 | Good |
8 | Abbasoğlu et al., 2015 [18] | 6 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 48 | Good |
9 | Lips et al., 2017 [35] | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 48 | Good |
10 | Wang et al., 2017 [25] | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 48 | Good |
11 | Wang et al., 2018 [29] | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 50 | Good |
12 | Weber et al., 2018 [36] | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 48 | Good |
13 | Al-Marshad et al., 2021 [30] | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 49 | Good |
14 | Zaorska et al., 2021 [31] | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 49 | Good |
15 | Wu et al., 2022 [32] | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 49 | Good |