Control of media browning during micropropagation and assessment of biochemical and clonal fidelity of in vitro-derived and mother plants in Thottea siliquosa (Lamk.) Ding Hou., an important ethnomedicinal shrub

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Table 1 Effect of various treatments to alleviate phenolic exudation during cotyledon culture for direct and indirect shoot induction

Treatment	Concentration (mg/L)	^aExtent of exudation		**Survival rate (%)
Treatment	Concentration (mg/L)	Direct	Indirect	Direct	Indirect
Control	0.0	+ + + +	+ + + + +	16 g	6i
Ascorbic acid	20	+	+ + +	70b	65c
Ascorbic acid	40	-	+	92a	93a
Ascorbic acid	60	+	+ +	60c	72b
PVP	100	+ +	+ + +	26f	20 h
PVP	200	+ +	+ +	38e	30f
PVP	300	+ +	+ + +	36e	28 fg
Activated charcoal	5	+ + +	+ + + +	68b	57d
Activated charcoal	10	+	+ + +	47d	41e
Activated charcoal	15	+ +	+ + +	24f	26 g

For direct shoot induction WPM and indirect shoot induction, MS media were used
^aThe increase in “ + ” sign shows a corresponding increase in exudation. The sign “-” indicates no exudation
^**The values are represented as the means ± SE of three independent experiments. Means followed by the same letters within the column are not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test