Gold nanoparticles combined baker’s yeast as a successful approach for breast cancer treatment

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Table 7 Effect of injection intratumorally with 10⁹ cells/ml of S. cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae-GNSs on AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine concentrations in the negative, positive, and treatment groups

Parameters	AST	ALT	Urea	Creatinine
Groups	AST	ALT	Urea	Creatinine
Negative control (normal)	289.0 ± 27.6^n.s,N.S	246.3 ± 19.8^###,N.S	50.6 ± 0.4^n.s,N.S	0.45 ± 0.06^#,N.S
Positive control (tumor)	411.7 ± 10.9^n.s,+++	406.2 ± 32.6^***,+	70.7 ± 4.7^n.s,++	0.85 ± 0.07^*,+
S. cerevisiae 10⁹ (yeast group)	208.0 ± 3.8^n.s,###	200.6 ± 34^n.s,#	46.3 ± 5.2^n.s,##	0.46 ± 0.02^n.s,#
S. cerevisiae–GNSs	273.3 ± 5.9^n.s,##	215.4 ± 14.3^n.s,#	40.1 ± 4.7^n.s,###	0.31 ± 0.05^n.s,#

Significance relative to normal: *P ≤ 0.05, ***P ≤ 0.001, and ^n.s P ≥ 0.05; significance relative to tumor: #P ≤ 0.05, ##P ≤ 0.01, ###P ≤ 0.001; significance relative to yeast: ⁺P ≤ 0.05, ⁺⁺P ≤ 0.01, ⁺⁺⁺P ≤ 0.001 and ^N.SP ≥ 0.05