Gold nanoparticles combined baker’s yeast as a successful approach for breast cancer treatment

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Table 6 Effect of intratumoral injection with 10⁹cells/ml of S. cerevisiae and S. cerevisiae-GNSs on caspase 9, 8, and 3 concentrations in the negative, positive, and treatment groups

Parameters	Caspase 9	Caspase 8	Caspase 3
Groups	Caspase 9	Caspase 8	Caspase 3
Negative control (normal)	29.67 ± 0.33^#,+	2.73 ± 0.12^##,+	3.47 ± 0.15^#,N.S
Positive control (tumor)	15.67 ± 2.03^*,++	1.70 ± 0.15^**,+	2.03 ± 0.32^*,+
S. cerevisiae 10⁹ (yeast group)	41.00 ± 2.65^*,##	3.63 ± 0.19^*,#	4.23 ± 0.32^n.s,#
S. cerevisiae–GNSs	44.00 ± 1.53^**,##	3.90 ± 0.06^*,##	4.47 ± 0.26^**,#

Significance relative to normal: *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, and n.s P ≥ 0.05; significance relative to tumor: #P ≤ 0.05, ##P ≤ 0.01; significance relative to yeast: + P ≤ 0.05, + + P ≤ 0.01 and N.S P ≥ 0.05