Table 3 Total flavonoids determined by HPLC in callus cultures of S. marianum L. treated with different combinations of γ-radiation (25 and 50 Gy) and the amino acid precursor Phe (1 mg/l)

Control

62.58^a ±0.39

24.47^d ±0.15

4.23^e ±0.07

3.17^e ±0.03

38.80^c ±0.20

258.33^c ±0.99

65.47^c ±0.74

407.24^b ±1.83

11.83^c ±0.08

-

17.30^c ±0.51

1 mg/l Phe

48.72^b±0.58

60.40^c ±0.82

13.12^a ±0.08

6.90^d ±0.05

57.32^b ±0.65

257.97^c ±1.53

98.30^a ±1.11

469.30^a ±1.02

21.27^b ±0.25

48.13^d ±0.85

47.15^a ±0.78

(25 Gy)

26.85^d±0.40

64.47^c ±0.29

9.33^d ±0.15

46.43^a ±0.32

77.80^a ±0.70

256.38^c ±2.75

45.67^d ±0.49

468.99^a ±1.86

37.53^a ±0.35

87.47^c ±0.38

28.84^b ±0.35

(25 Gy)+ 1 mg/l Phe

62.92^a±0.11

96.70^a ±0.36

12.07^b ±0.04

35.50^b ±0.26

77.63^a ±0.15

384.53^a ±6.58

75.40^b ±1.05

445.62^ab ±0.29

11.43^c ±0.31

100.34^b ±0.85

23.05^b ±0.41

(50 Gy)

49.44^b ±0.83

88.43^b ±0.42

7.49^c ±0.09

32.57^b ±0.21

24.37^d ±0.38

255.04^c ±1.02

44.70^d ±0.78

234.55^c ±3.35

37.63^a ±0.38

13.97^e ±0.21

8.83^d ±0.16

(50 Gy)+1 mg/l Phe

44.89^bc±0.60

80.83^bc ±0.21

13.36^a ±0.12

18.73^c ±0.15

27.50^d ±0.53

270.94^b ±3.52

56.00^cd ±0.70

406.65^b ±2.47

9.72^d ±0.13

141.33^a ±1.85

13.35^cd ±.27