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Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Fig. 1 | Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Fig. 1

From: An in silico pipeline approach uncovers a potentially intricate network involving spike SARS-CoV-2 RNA, RNA vaccines, host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and host miRNAs at the cellular level

Fig. 1

The analysis pipeline's main steps and bioinformatics tools. There are five steps in the pipeline: Step 1: Identify conserved motifs by aligning and analyzing all RNA coding spike protein and vaccine sequences. MEME output is the second step. The analysis reveals the presence of three distinct motifs across the entire S sequence (box red, light blue, and green). The identified nucleotide sequences are listed below the alignment. Step 3: The sequences were fed into TomTom, which compared the newly discovered motifs to the database of Homo sapiens RNA-binding motifs. For all motif queries, a list of Human RNA-binding proteins was obtained (box red, light blue, and green). Step 4: STRING is used to look for RBP protein interactions in metabolic pathways. Step 5: The same motifs are used as a query for TomTom to find mature microRNAs within conserved sequences using the micro-RNA database. The list of 39 miRNA was obtained and used in GeneCodis4 and MIENTURNET as a query. The results of the two software programs are combined to infer possible shreds of evidence of significant concurrent annotations (computational or experimental), with those that are significantly enriched being evaluated

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