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Table 6 Volatile compounds in soymilk before and after enzyme treatment

From: A statistical strategy for optimizing the production of α-galactosidase by a newly isolated Aspergillus niger NRC114 and assessing its efficacy in improving soymilk properties

Volatile compound

KRIa

Soymilk b

Descriptionc

Control

Enzyme treatment

Aldehydes

 2-Methylbutanal

914

2.08

4.22

 

 3-Methylbutanal

918

0.45

1.12

Dark chocolate

 Pentanal

975

0.59

1.33

Grass, green

 Hexanal

1074

10.53

2.86

 

 Heptanal

1183

5.24

2.36

Rancid

 Octanal

1282

4.35

2.43

Lemon, fruity

 Nonanal

1387

5.87

4.87

Floral, citrus

 Benzaldehyde

1513

5.14

0.84

Almond

Subtotal

 

34.25

20.03

 

Alcohols

 Ethanol

931

0.48

4.69

 

 2-Butanol

1025

1.09

3.63

 

 2-Methyl-1-propanol

1088

2.53

1.35

 

 3-Pentanol

1102

0.13

1.13

 

 1-Butanol

1143

0.02

0.98

 

 1-Penten-3-ol

1157

0.21

2.96

 

 3-Methyl-1-butanol

1203

0.17

0.84

 

 1-Hexanol

1352

0.98

0.23

 

Subtotal

 

4.63

15.58

 

Esters

 Ethyl butanoate

1031

0.95

3.02

 

 Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate

1049

0.67

3.11

 

 Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate

1061

0.49

2.86

 

 Ethyl hexanoate

1224

1.05

1.21

 

 Ethyl lactate

1327

0.95

1.50

 

 Ethyl hexadecanoate

2205

0.41

1.03

 

Subtotal

 

4.52

12.73

 

Acids

 Acetic acid

1415

33.73

1.03

Sour

 Propanoic acid

1513

4.51

1.94

 

 2-Methyl-propanoic acid

1538

1.48

0.89

 

 Butanoic acid

1597

3.38

1.27

 

 Pentanoic acid

1714

0.62

1.68

 

 Hexanoic acid

1822

1.32

1.01

 

Subtotal

 

45.04

7.82

 

Ketones

 2-Butanone

906

0.19

1.56

 

 2-Pentanone

973

2.14

0.90

 

 2-Hexanone

1072

0.50

1.34

 

 (E)-3-Penten-2-one

1116

0.14

1.73

 

Subtotal

 

2.97

5.53

 

Furans and furan derivatives

 2-Methylfuran

873

4.03

3.78

 

 2-Ethylfuran

954

1.15

0.7

Burnt

 2-Butylfuran

1128

0.60

1.78

 

 2-Pentylfuran

1225

0.15

1.46

 

 Furfural

1457

0.86

11.60

 

 2-Furanmethanol

1654

0.35

7.02

 

Subtotal

 

7.14

26.34

 

Sulfur-containing compounds

 4-Methylthiazole

1625

0.19

0.25

 

 2-Acetylthiazole

1636

0.13

0.71

 

 3-(Methylthio)-1-propanol

1704

0.11

10.48

 

Subtotal

 

0.43

11.44

 
  1. aKovats retention index
  2. bvalues are expressed as relative area percentages
  3. ccited from Lv et al. [37]