Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with algae and the importance of capping agents in the process

Chugh, Deeksha; Viswamalya, V. S.; Das, Bannhi

doi:10.1186/s43141-021-00228-w

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Table 5 List of different capping agents in chemical and biological syntheses

From: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with algae and the importance of capping agents in the process

Method	Silver precursor	Reducing agent	Stabilizing/capping agents	Size (nm) & shape	Reference
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	Trisodium citrate	NaBH₄	60 & 100 nm (0.75 ml and 1 ml of NaBH₄ respectively) Spherical	[136]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	Sodium citrate	NaBH₄	̴ 23 Spherical	[137]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	MSA (mercaptosuccinic acid)	MSA	̴ 65 Spherical	[137]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	NaBH₄	Thioctic acid	̴ 44 Spherical	[137]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	–	PVP	15 Spherical	[138]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	–	Citrate	12.6 Spherical	[138]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	–	BPEI (branched polyethyleneimine)	11.5 Spherical	[138]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	Trisodium citrate	SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate)	19 Spherical	[139]
Chemical reduction	AgNO₃	Trisodium citrate	PEG	50 Spherical	[139]
By plant	AgNO₃	Cleome viscosa	Alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, proteins	5–30 Spherical	[140]
Plant	AgNO₃	Callicarpa maingayi	Alkaloids, flavonoids, -OH, -NH, -C=O groups	13–15.6 Spherical	[141]
Plant	AgNO₃	Citrus limon	Citric acid	16–18 Spherical	[142]
Plant	AgNO₃	Murraya koenigii	Carboxylic acids, alcohol, ether, proteins	5–20 Spherical	[143]
Fungi	AgNO₃	Fusarium oxysporum	Proteins	10–20 Spherical	[66]
Fungi	AgNO₃	Aspergillus oryzae	Proteins	< 105 (depending on pH, temp, and conc. of AgNO₃) Spherical	[67]
Fungi	AgNO₃	Trichoderma reesei	Proteins	5–50 Spherical	[68]
Bacteria	AgNO₃	E.Coli	-NH, -OH, Carbonyl, CN triple bond in proteins	118 Spherical	[144]
Bacteria	AgNO₃	Bacillus cereus	Proteins	10–30 Spherical	[69]
Brown algae	AgNO₃	Padina sp.	Polyphenols, Fatty acids (Hexadecanoic acid)	25–61.4 Spherical	[145]
Marine red algae	AgNO₃	Spyridia fusiforms	Proteins, Secondary cyclic alcohols	5–50 Mostly spherical, some triangular and rounded rectangular	[146]

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