Table 2 Survival frequency of in vitro cultures at three different stages and their frequency of regeneration in maize affected by different parameters with different variables involved in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation after co-cultivation

Optical density of bacterial culture

0.6

60.17 ± 5.13

28.59 ± 4.04

17.19 ± 3.51

8.94 ± 1.00

0.8

86.93 ± 4.50

57.41 ± 7.76

37.09 ± 4.72

23.38 ± 3.51

1

73.55 ± 9.50

46.00 ± 3.60

30.66 ± 5.29

19.55 ± 6.50

Strength of the infection medium

Half MS (plain)

87.93 ± 2.00

49.48 ± 5.50

40.51 ± 3.51

21.89 ± 3.51

Full MS (plain)

83.20 ± 5.56

36.98 ± 8.08

28.11 ± 6.80

16.60 ± 3.78

LS inf

74.92 ± 6.65

23.07 ± 5.00

14.46 ± 6.11

12.30 ± 5.03

pH of the infection medium

pH 5.2

50.00 ± 8.88

30.00 ± 2.64

18.88 ± 2.64

13.70 ± 2.08

pH 5.4

70.30 ± 6.65

40.61 ± 2.64

29.69 ± 5.03

18.61 ± 2.08

pH 5.8

82.57 ± 5.77

60.60 ± 8.50

39.84 ± 3.78

21.51 ± 5.03

Acetosyrengone concentration

0 μM

50.28 ± 4.16

33.71 ± 1.15

17.71 ± 3.05

9.71 ± 1.15

100 μM

84.21 ± 5.68

63.28 ± 7.00

38.59 ± 2.51

23.59 ± 2.08

200 μM

73.40 ± 2.51

56.13 ± 6.42

28.40 ± 5.50

18.86 ± 4.50

Macerozyme treatment

0.1%

57.16 ± 5.13

36.16 ± 3.78

21.33 ± 5.03

12.50 ± 3.00

0.2%

42.83 ± 4.04

20.50 ± 6.55

17.00 ± 3.46

10.66 ± 2.51

0.5%

28.83 ± 7.50

12.33 ± 6.42

10.16 ± 5.13

6.33 ± 5.03

Vacuum infiltration

0 min

83.33 ± 7.63

46.16 ± 4.17

34.16 ± 3.51

17.00 ± 2.00

10 min

61.42 ± 9.07

33.28 ± 3.78

22.71 ± 4.58

11.28 ± 1.52

15 min

58.62 ± 5.77

28.79 ± 2.08

16.72 ± 2.51

7.93 ± 1.15

Infection time

10 min

80.32 ± 7.63

54.91 ± 7.63

38.68 ± 5.50

22.78 ± 5.13

15 min

70.66 ± 5.29

44.22 ± 3.21

22.44 ± 5.13

17.11 ± 0.57

30 min

58.97 ± 5.00

33.33 ± 3.00

12.99 ± 5.03

6.32 ± 0.57

Co-cultivation period

2 days

84.00 ± 3.60

52.00 ± 9.16

36.66 ± 1.15

27.66 ± 1.52

3 days

66.33 ± 9.01

36.66 ± 8.50

23.00 ± 3.46

15.83 ± 2.51

4 days

30.65 ± 5.00

13.69 ± 1.73

15.00 ± 2.00

7.17 ± 1.00