Table 3 ECM cues and gene delivery. Research papers assessing the effect of ECM cues on biomaterial-mediated gene delivery
Biomaterial | Cell type | Transfection system | Change in transfection efficiency | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Titanium substrates, modified with RGD-functionalised PAA brushes (N/P ratio of 20) | NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts | PEI polyplexes | In RGD-functionalised PAA brushes, luciferase expression (luminescence/mg protein) was 2.5 × 108. In non-functionalised PAA brushes, it was ∼ 7 × 106. | [163] |
Fibrin hydrogels functionalised with PEG-RGD peptides | HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line and NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts | Lipoplexes | For HT-1080, in RGD-functionalised hydrogels, luciferase expression (luminescence/well/day) was ∼ 104, whereas in non-functionalised hydrogels it was ∼ 103. For NIH3T3, in RGD-functionalised hydrogels, luciferase expression (luminescence/well/day) was ∼ 104, whereas in non-functionalised hydrogels it was less than 101. | [162] |
Collagen-I-alginate hydrogels, with different collagen: alginate ratios | Human BMSCs | 3D-FectINâ„¢ (OZ Biosciences) | Decreasing the collagen: alginate ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 decreased transgene expression 1000-fold. | [14] |
MAP hyaluronic acid hydrogels functionalised with RGD peptides. | Human dermal fibroblasts | jetPEI® | High RGD clustering ratio (500 and 100 μM), resulted in a cumulative luciferase expression (luminescence) higher than 2 × 107. Low RGD clustering ratio (100 and 250 μM) resulted in a cumulative luciferase expression of 1 × 107. | [185] |
Collagen I, fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, vitronectin or ECM gel coated plates | Murine MSCs | PEI polyplexes | Highest luciferase expression (luminescence/mg protein) was 7 × 108, in fibronectin-coated plates. Lowest luciferase expression was 2 × 106 in collagen I-coated plates. In uncoated plates, luciferase expression was 4 × 107. | [160] |
Denatured or native collagen–PLGA composite vascular stents | A10 murine vascular smooth muscle cell line | Lipofectamine™ | Number of transfected cells per 200x field was ∼ 1 for native collagen and almost 20 for denatured collagen. Supplementation of tenascin-C in native collagen substrates increased transfection, with number of transfected cells per 200x field being ∼ 14. | [186] |
Fibrin hydrogels, prepared with different concentrations of fibrinogen | NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts | Lipoplexes | Highest luciferase expression (luminescence/104 cells) was 550 for concentrations of 25 mg/mL. Lowest expression was 200, for fibrinogen concentrations of 50 mg/mL. | [18] |
Hyaluronic acid hydrogels functionalised with RGD peptides | Murine MSCs | PEI polyplexes | RGD concentration of 100 μM resulted in a cumulative luciferase expression (luminescence) ∼ 6 × 105. RGD concentrations of 10 μM and 400 μM resulted in a cumulative luciferase expression (luminescence) ∼ 4.5 × 105 | [161] |