Fig. 3

Biogenesis of RNA Interferences. A Biogenesis of siRNA. dsRNA of the pathogen approaches the nucleus, where it is cleaved into si-RNA. In the cytoplasm, siRNA is loaded onto RISC and undergoes cleaving by Ago protein. Then, mRNA complementary to the siRNA binds to it, leading to gene silencing. B Biogenesis of miRNA. Genetic material (dsRNA or pri-miRNA) of the pathogen approaches the nucleus, where it is cleaved by DROSHA in combination with DGCR8 into pre-miRNA. In the cytoplasm, the pre-miRNA is cleaved by DICER to form mature mi-RNA. Thereafter, it is loaded onto a RISC, where it binds to a complementary mRNA strand to allow gene silencing. C Biogenesis of shRNA. Inside the cell, dsRNA of the pathogen approaches the nucleus, where it is processed by DROSHA in combination with DGCR8 and forms pre-shRNA. In the cytoplasm, DICER in complex with TRBP cleaves pre-shRNA to siRNA. It is then loaded onto a RISC, which it binds to a complementary mRNA strand to allow gene silencing. dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; siRNA, small interfering RNA; RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex; Ago, Argonaute; mRNA, messenger RNA; pri-miRNA, primary microRNA; DGCR8, DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8; pre-miRNA, precursor miRNA; pre-shRNA, precursor Short hairpin RNA; TRBP, transactivation response element RNA-binding protein