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Table 1 Effect of different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus induction from stem explants of S. marianum L.

From: Influence of gamma radiation and phenylalanine on secondary metabolites in callus cultures of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.)

PGRs (mg/l)

Callus induction (%)

Callus color

Callus texture

2,4-D

BA

Kn

1.0

0.0

0.5

60c

Light brown

Compact

1.0

0.0

1.0

60c

Light brown

Compact

1.0

0.0

1.5

50d

Light brown

Compact

1.0

0.0

2.0

50d

Light brown

Compact

1.0

0.5

0.0

95a

Creamy white

Friable and granulated

1.0

1.0

0.0

90a

Creamy white

Friable and granulated

1.0

1.5

0.0

88b

Creamy white

Friable and granulated

1.0

2.0

0.0

85b

Creamy white

Friable and granulated

0.5

0.0

0.0

55d

Whitish yellow

Friable and granulated

1.0

0.0

0.0

65c

Whitish yellow

Friable and granulated

1.5

0.0

0.0

60c

Whitish yellow

Friable and granulated

2.0

0.0

0.0

60c

Whitish yellow

Friable and granulated

  1. Different letters indicate a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05