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Table 1 Antimicrobial resistance of twenty pathogenic bacteria against 15 well-known antibiotics

From: Phytogenic silver nanoparticles from tissue-cultured Kaempferia angustifolia — an underutilized medicinal herb: a comparative antibacterial study on urinary pathogens

Pathogen

Patient profile

Biochemical characteristics

Antibiotics

Amoxicillin

Amikacin

Aztreonam

Ceftriaxone

Cefuroxime

Ciprofloxacin

Age (years)

Sex

Isolate no. 42571

65

F

Ox (−), Cat (+), Ind (+), MR (+), Cit (−), VP (−), H2S (−)

R

S

R

R

R

R

Isolate no. 42423

50

M

Ox (−), Cat (+), Ind (+), MR (+), Cit (−), VP (−), H2S (−)

S

S

R

R

R

Isolate no. 42269

72

M

Ox (−), Cat (+), Ind (−), MR (−), Cit (+), VP (+), H2S (−)

R

R

R

R

R

I

Isolate no. 42230

75

M

Ox (+), Cat (+), Ind (−), MR (−), Cit (+), VP (−), H2S (−)

S

R

I

I

Isolate no. 43546

2 y 10 m

F

Ox (−), Cat (+), Ind (−), MR (−), Cit (−), VP (−), H2S (+)

S

S

S

S

R

S

Isolate no. 43164

70

F

Ox (−), Cat (+), Ind (−), MR (−), Cit (+), VP (+), H2S (−)

R

R

R

R

R

R

Isolate no. 42332

32

F

Ox (+), Cat (+), Ind (−), MR (−), Cit (+), VP (−), H2S (−)

I

S

R

R

R

R

Pathogen

Antibiotics

Piperacillin

Cefoperazone

Ceftazidime

Ofloxacin

Sulbactam

Nitrofurantoin

Doxycycline

Norfloxacin

Meropenem

Isolate no. 42571

S

R

R

R

S

S

S

R

S

Isolate no. 42423

S

S

R

R

R

R

R

R

S

Isolate no. 42269

R

R

R

I

R

S

I

I

Isolate no. 42230

S

R

R

R

R

S

S

S

Isolate no. 43546

S

S

S

S

I

R

R

I

S

Isolate no. 43164

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

Isolate no. 42332

R

R

S

S

S

I

S

R

I

  1. R resistant, S sensitive, I intermediate, ‘−’ not tested, F female, M male. Isolate no. 42571, Escherichia coli; isolate no. 42423, Escherichia coli; isolate no. 42269, Klebsiella pneumoniae; isolate no. 42230, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; isolate no. 43546, Staphylococcus saprophyticus; isolate no. 43164, Klebsiella pneumoniae; isolate no. 42332, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ox oxidase test, Cat catalase test, Ind indole test, MR methyl red test, Cit citrate test, VP Voges-Proskauer test, H2S hydrogen sulphide