Association study of HIF-1α rs11549465 and VEGF rs3025039 genetic variants with diabetic retinopathy in Egyptian patients: crosslinks with angiogenic, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory markers

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Table 6 Multiple linear regression analysis for the association of SNPs with their protein levels as well as serum levels of biomarkers with both FBG and HbA1c

Dependent variable	Predictors	R	r²	F	P value^*	β	t	P value	VIF
HIF-1α	HIF-1α rs11549465	0.24	0.06	17.11	< 0.0001	0.24	4.14	< 0.0001	1
VEGF	VEGF rs3025039	0.06	0.003	0.95	0.330	− 0.06	− 0.98	0.330	1
FPG	AGEP (μg/ml)	0.89	0.80	223.80	< 0.0001	0.34	5.98	< 0.0001	4.63
	VCAM-1 (ng/ml)					0.33	5.98	< 0.0001	3.98
	HIF-1α (pg/ml)					0.159	3.99	< 0.0001	2.22
	VEGF (pg/ml)					− 0.05	− 1.53	0.128	1.76
	CTRP3 (ng/ml)					− 0.19	− 4.21	< 0.0001	2.84
HbA1c	AGEP (μg/ml)	0.84	0.71	134.71	< 0.0001	0.46	6.66	< 0.0001	4.63
	VCAM-1 (ng/ml)					0.32	4.89	< 0.0001	3.98
	HIF-1α (pg/ml)					0.05	0.96	0.336	2.22
	VEGF (pg/ml)					− 0.10	− 2.37	0.018	1.76
	CTRP3 (ng/ml)					− 0.14	− 2.59	0.010	2.84

FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c, β standardized coefficient, VIF variance inflation factor, AGEP advanced glycation end products, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, CTRP3 C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3
^*P value obtained from ANOVA table
P < 0.05 was considered significant