Application of Baculovirus Expression Vector system (BEV) for COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics: a review

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Table 3 Recombinant proteins produced in BEV for the development of COVID-19’s recombinant anti-bodies and therapeutic proteins

Proteins	Modifications	Host Cells	Purification Method	Specific Applications	References
Spike protein, S2, receptor binding domain, antibodies, and fusion proteins	Leader sequences, peptide tags signal peptide and restriction sites added.	High Five/silkworm larvae	Gel filtration and affinity chromatography	Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ELISA	[87, 91, 92, 94,95,96]
Spike protein and antibodies	Signal peptides, pre-fusion stabi-lized ectodomain, T4 fibritin tri-merization signal, peptide tags, linker, cleavage site, linker, transmembrane and tail domain added. Mutations introduced to the sequences. Codon optimization.	High Five/ExpiSf9/silkworm larvae	Affinity chromatography	scFv, Fab, IgY and IgG antibody productions	[94, 95, 97, 98]
Spike protein and receptor binding domain	Signal peptide and peptide tag added. Biotinylation.	Sf9/High Five	Gel filtration, affinity, and size exclusion chromatography	Protein crystallizations	[85, 86, 89, 90, 93]
Receptor binding domain and angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Peptide tag added.	Sf9/High Five	Affinity chromatography	Cell sorting	[88, 99]
Spike protein and receptor binding domain	Biotinylation	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	B cell enrichment	[91]
Spike protein and receptor binding domain	Signal peptide and peptide tag added.	Sf9/High Five	Affinity and size exclusion chromatography	Binding assays	[93]