Table 2 Recombinant proteins produced in BEV for the development of COVID-19 vaccines
Proteins | Modifications | Host Cells | Purification Method | Yield | Purity | Specific Applications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spike protein, S1 and receptor-binding domain (RBD) | Signal peptide, ectodomain, T4 foldon trimerization domain, thrombin cleavage site, spacer, ferritin, viral protein, and peptide tags added. Mutations introduced to the sequences. | Sf9/Sf21/High Five/ expresSF+/ BmN/silkworm larvae | Affinity or anion or gel filtration chromatography/ Ultrasonic crushing and ultracentrifugation/ Tangential flow filtration/Dialysis | 0.19 - 30 mg/l | 90 - 98% | Subunit vaccine | |
Spike protein, S1, receptor binding domain (RBD) | Codon-optimized and fusion with MERS-CoV S gene corresponding to the N-terminal domain (NTD) (RBD). | Sf9/293T | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | DNA Vaccine | [60] |
Envelope, Membrane, Spike, S1 and influenza matrix protein 1 proteins | Signal peptides, prefusion stabilized ectodomain, T4 fibritin trimerization signal, peptide tags, linker, cleavage site, transmembrane and tail domain added. Codon optimization. | Sf9/ExpiSf9 | Affinity chromatography/Sucrose gradient centrifugation | 0.005 – 11 mg/mL | Not measured | VLP vaccine | |
Human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) | GP67 signal peptide sequence added at N terminus. Hexa-His tag added to the C terminus. | Sf9/High Five | Gel Filtration Chromatography | Not measured | Not measured | Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay | [64] |