Table 3 Factors associated with NAFLD in T2DM patients (n = 129)

Age (≤ 50 years)

1.459

0.721

2.953

0.382

Sex (female)

2.998

1.398

6.430

0.007

Family income (≤ 20000 PKR/month)

1.553

0.758

3.185

0.307

Education (illiterate)

3.067

1.446

6.505

0.005

Smoking (yes)

1.844

0.326

10.440

0.683

Any comorbidity (yes)

1.040

0.521

2.078

1.000

Family history of diabetes (yes)

0.853

0.394

1.849

0.837

Duration of diabetes (≥ 10 years)

1.700

0.711

4.067

0.326

Waist circumference male (≥ 40 inch)

2.000

0.523

7.647

0.324

Waist circumference female (≥ 35 inch)

5.333

1.301

21.869

0.019

Body mass index (≥ 30.0 Kg/m²)

2.211

1.075

4.545

0.046

Alanine transaminase (≥ 40 IU/L)

0.770

0.277

2.141

0.810

Random plasma glucose (≥ 200 mg/dl)

1.692

0.793

3.611

0.240

HbA1c (> 8.0 %)

1.559

0.771

3.151

0.289

PNPLA3 genotype (GG/CC)

1.831^b

0.748

4.478

0.266

PNPLA3 genotype (CG/CC)

1.436^c

0.545

3.780

0.624

PNPLA3 genotype (GG + CG/CC)

1.644

0.797

3.391

0.243

PNPLA3 genotype (GG/CG + CC)

1.700

0.711

4.067

0.326