Fig. 5
Morphoanatomical characterization of somatic embryogenesis of Piper hispidinervum from foliar explants. A Foliar explant with primary callus after 40 days in induction medium (MS medium with 2.5 mg L−1 BAP + 5 mg L−1 NAA). B Cross-section of leaf evidencing formation of primary callus. C Primary callus. D Anatomical section of primary callus. E Embryogenic callus. F Histology of embryogenic callus; note clustering of cells (rectangle) and purple mucilage (*). G Embryogenic callus and somatic embryos-like structures (arrow). H Anatomical cut of somatic embryos-like structures; observe cotyledons, apical meristems, procambium, and protoderm (arrow). Abbreviations: (ab) abaxial, (ad) adaxial, (ec) embryogenic callus, (gm) ground meristem, (pc) primary callus, (pd) protoderm, (p) procambium, (ram) root apical meristem and (sam) shoot apical meristem