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Table 2 Involvement of genes in functional aspects and mechanism of salinity tolerance

From: Salinity tolerance mechanisms and their breeding implications

Sr. no.

Genes

Function during salt stress

Mechanism of action

References

1

SOS1

Transport of sodium ion from root to shoot of the plant

The protein of SOS1 gene acts as antiporter of plasma membrane Na+/H+.

[111]

2

SOS2

Protein kinases

C terminal domain of SOS2 associates with salt stress evoked Ca2+ via NAF domain (also called as FISL motif).

[112]

3

SOS3

Calcium-binding protein

SOS protein as well as Ca2+ behave as intonation of intracellular Na+ homeostasis.

[113]

4

ERF1 (SERF1)

Improve salinity tolerance

SERF1 gene attaches with the promoter region of MAP 3K6, MAPK5 to show tolerance against salinity stress.

[114]

5

HVP1 and HVP10

Expressed during salinity stress

These two genes express itself in the presence of ABA in Hordeum vulgare.

[115]

6

TIP1 and GLP1

Expressed upon salt stress

Treatment of ABA on the wheat plant shows the expression of these genes against salt stress.

[116]

7

rd29A

Act with DREB2A transcription factor

This transcription factor DREB2A is induced by salt stress in the Arabidopsis plant.

[117]

8

TaWRKY2, TaWRKY19

Improved salt tolerance

Overexpression of these genes improve salt tolerance by enhancing the downward expression of genes RD29B and STZ.

[118]

9

OsCLCa

Decrease in the salt concentration in the rice plant

This gene acts through the leaves and roots of the plant, and there is decrease in the transcript accumulation in the variety of rice IR29 which is salt sensitive.

[119]

  1. Abbreviations used: SOS1 salt overly sensitive 1, SOS2 salt overly sensitive 2, SOS3 salt overly sensitive 3, ETF1 ethylene response factor1, HVP hordium vulgare vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, TIP-1 tip elongation protein 1, Rd29A response-to-dehydration 29A, OsCLCa Oryza sative chloride channel-a, TaWRKY transgenic tobacco WRKY