From: Salinity tolerance mechanisms and their breeding implications
Sr. no. | Genes | Function during salt stress | Mechanism of action | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SOS1 | Transport of sodium ion from root to shoot of the plant | The protein of SOS1 gene acts as antiporter of plasma membrane Na+/H+. | [111] |
2 | SOS2 | Protein kinases | C terminal domain of SOS2 associates with salt stress evoked Ca2+ via NAF domain (also called as FISL motif). | [112] |
3 | SOS3 | Calcium-binding protein | SOS protein as well as Ca2+ behave as intonation of intracellular Na+ homeostasis. | [113] |
4 | ERF1 (SERF1) | Improve salinity tolerance | SERF1 gene attaches with the promoter region of MAP 3K6, MAPK5 to show tolerance against salinity stress. | [114] |
5 | HVP1 and HVP10 | Expressed during salinity stress | These two genes express itself in the presence of ABA in Hordeum vulgare. | [115] |
6 | TIP1 and GLP1 | Expressed upon salt stress | Treatment of ABA on the wheat plant shows the expression of these genes against salt stress. | [116] |
7 | rd29A | Act with DREB2A transcription factor | This transcription factor DREB2A is induced by salt stress in the Arabidopsis plant. | [117] |
8 | TaWRKY2, TaWRKY19 | Improved salt tolerance | Overexpression of these genes improve salt tolerance by enhancing the downward expression of genes RD29B and STZ. | [118] |
9 | OsCLCa | Decrease in the salt concentration in the rice plant | This gene acts through the leaves and roots of the plant, and there is decrease in the transcript accumulation in the variety of rice IR29 which is salt sensitive. | [119] |