Table 2 Production kinetics of PGA producing recombinant strains

Arthrobacter viscosus

E. coli

M9 medium with succinate

6.0–8.0

28

48–150

[32]

Providencia rettgeri

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

YPGal, YPLac, YPD media

6.2

30

72–120

[33]

E. coli ATCC11105

Recombinant E. coli χ6212/pRT4

Luria-Bertani (LB) media

7.0

28

48

[34]

E. coli

E. coli MC1000

M9 medium with IPTG inducer

28

[35]

P. rettgeri

Pichia pastoris

Yeast, peptone, dextrose (YPD) medium

6.0

30

24–144

[36]

A. faecalis ATCC 1908

E. coli BL21(DE3)

Minimal M9 medium with glucose

28

6

[37]

Recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3)

LB medium and M9 minimal medium

7.4

28

24

[38]

A. faecalis ATCC 19018

E. coli JM109

M9 and LB medium with rhamnose inducer

7.0

37

[19]

Kluyvera citrophila

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

TB medium (Tatof-Hobbs)

7.28

28

12

[39]

-

Recombinant E. coli

Minimum medium with cheese whey powder

7.0

29

24

[40]

-

Ultraviolet induced mutated wild E. coli strains BDCS-N-S21, NW50 and N-FMu10

LB broth

7.0

37

12

[41]

B. badius

E. coli DH5α

Yeast, fructose and mineral components

28

24

[42]

Thermus thermophilus (Tth) HB27

E. coli

LB media with CaCl₂

4.0–5.0

75

9.2 h half life

[43]

–

Engineered E. coli

Yeast extract, tryptone, chemicals, and casamino acid medium

7.0

28

16

[44]

E. coli ATCC 11105 (Wild)

E. coli JM109 (Recombinant)

Casein medium supplemented with ampicillin and IPTG (0.1 mM)

26

[17]

Achromobacter sp. CCM 4824

Pichia pastoris X-33

Yeast extract, peptone, glycerol, methanol

7.2

28

24

[45]

Providencia rettgeri (PrPGA)

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

LB medium, kanamycin, IPTG

7.0

37

12–24

[46]

Alcaligenes faecalis (AfPGA)

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

LB medium, kanamycin, IPTG

7.0

37

12–24

[46]

Achromobacter xylosoxidans (AxPGA)

E. coli BL21 (DE3)

LB medium, kanamycin, IPTG

7.0

37

12–24

[46]

Achromobacter sp.

P. pastoris X33 pENS2

mineral medium with biotin, glycerol

5.5

30

–

[47]