Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of soil obtained from different mining sites of Zamfara State

pH

8.20 ± 0.10^a

7.17 ± 0.12^b

7.25 ± 0.15^b

7.70 ± 0.10^c

6.20 ± 0.20^d

Temperature (°C)

40.3 ± 1.6

38.0 ± 0.8

39.6 ± 0.4

39.6 ± 0.4

41 ± 0.8

Moisture (%)

0.82 ± 0.0002^a

0.63 ± 0.02^a

0.23 ± 0.006^b

0.14 ± 0.01^b

0.57 ± 0.02^c

Organic Carbon (%)

1.12 ± 0.005^a

1.01 ± 0.04^a

0.23 ± 0.01^b

0.18 ± 0.007^b

5.92 ± 0.02^c

Nitrogen (%)

0.23 ± 0.006^a

0.28 ± 0.008^a

0.13 ± 0.06^b

0.1 ± 0.01^b

0.67 ± 0.02^c

C/N ratio

4.8

3.6

1.7

1.8

8.8

CEC(cmol/kg)

2.71 ± 0.06^a,b

3.57 ± 0.26^b

2.05 ± 0.06^a

1.52 ± 0.23^c

2.23 ± 0.33^a

EC (ds/m)

0.29 ± 0.006^a,b

0.153 ± 0.04^a

0.32 ± 0.02^b

0.26 ± 0.02^a,b

0.42 ± 0.01^b

Sand

58

52

62

60

70

Silt

33

27

23

22

30

Clay

9

21

15

14

15

Textural class

SL

SLC

SL

SL

SL

Stability index

3.39

2.68

1.17

1.48

8.26