Table 2 ECM-derived cell adhesion peptides. Most used peptides derived from ECM proteins and targeting specific cell types/cell receptors

Modified fibronectin (either a Leu-Pro point mutation at position 1408 (9*10) or a labile 4 × Gly linker (9(4G)10) between the ninth and tenth domain domains

Integrin α3/α5β1 or αvβ3 [169]

RGDS sequence from fibronectin

Integrin αvβ3 [170]

REDV sequence from fibronectin

Integrin α4β1 of endothelial cells [171]

LDV sequence from fibronectin

Integrin α4β1 [172]

cRGDfK, cRGDyK and RGDC4 cACRGDMFGCA cyclic peptides from collagen

Integrins αvβ3 [173] and αvβ5 [84]

GGYGGGP(GPP)5GFOGER(GPP)5GPC sequence from collagen

Integrin α2β1, which is expressed by osteoblasts and MSCs during osteogenesis [174]

GFOGER sequence from collagen

Collagen receptors (integrins α1β1, α2β1, α10β1 and α11β1) [174,175,176,177]

PDGEA sequence from collagen type I

α2β1 in osteoblasts [178]

PGRGDS sequence from osteopontin

αvβ3 in osteoblasts [178]

DFKLFAVYIKYR-GGC (C16Y) sequence from the mouse laminin

Integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 [179], typical of endothelial cells

IKVAV sequence from laminin

Integrin β1 [180] (α3β1 and α6β1 [84] and α4β1) [181], with high affinity for neuronal cells

RKRLQVQLSIRT (AG73) sequence from laminin

Syndecan-2 [182]

VAPG sequence from elastin

It binds to smooth muscle cells and it is not specific to integrins [183]

RRETAWA synthetic peptide

Integrin α5β1 [181]