Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Fig. 4

From: Gene network analysis to determine the effect of hypoxia-associated genes on brain damages and tumorigenesis using an avian model

Fig. 4

Gene network analysis to identify the roles of hypoxia-associated genes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This figure shows two main protein complexes including TOM (translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane) and MPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore) that play a critical role in AD. Most of the proteins of mitochondrion are produced in the cytoplasm, and then, they are imported to the mitochondrion by the TOM complex. However, APP (amyloid precursor protein) inhibits the TOM complex and leads to the mitochondrial damage. The accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is recognized as one of the main features of AD. Mitochondrial calcium is overloaded by Aβ and MCU (mitochondrial calcium uniporter). Based on our results, there is an association between mitochondrial calcium overloads that induces the activity of MPTP, which is related to mitochondrial dysfunction because it is opened in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is recognized that protons can cross into the mitochondria and lead to the ATP depletion and mitochondria damage

Back to article page