Drug repurposing of nitazoxanide: can it be an effective therapy for COVID-19?

Table 1 The inhibitory effect of NTZ and tizoxanide (TIZ) as broad spectrum antivirals

Virus	Dose	Compound	Ref
Canine coronavirus S-378	IC₅₀, 1 μg/ml	TIZ	[9]
Bovine coronavirus (L9)	IC₅₀, 0.3 μg/ml	NTZ	[12]
Murine coronavirus	IC₅₀, 0.3 μg/ml	NTZ	[12]
Mouse hepatitis virus (A59)	IC₅₀, 0.3 μg/ml	NTZ	[12]
Human enteric coronavirus (4408)	IC₅₀, 0.3 μg/ml	NTZ	[12]
MERS-CoV	IC₅₀, 0.92 μg/ml	NTZ	[12]
MERS-CoV	IC₅₀, 0.83 μg/ml	TIZ	[12]
SARS-CoV-2	IC₅₀, 2.12 μM	NTZ	[1]
Influenza A strains	IC₅₀, 0.2–1.5 μg/ml	TIZ	[9]
Influenza B/Parma/3/04	IC₅₀, 0.2–1.5 μg/ml	TIZ	[9]
Rotavirus: the human Wa-G1P (8)	IC₅₀, 1 μg/ml	TIZ	[9]
Rotavirus: simian SA11-G3P (2)	IC₅₀, 0.5 μg/ml	TIZ	[9]
Norovirus G1 replicon assay system	IC₅₀, 0.5 μg/ml	TIZ	[13]
Human astrovirus	IC₅₀, 1.47 μM	NTZ	[14]
Adenovirus enteritis	500 mg twice daily	NTZ	[15]
Paramyxovirus	IC₅₀, 10 μg/ml	NTZ	[16]
Ebola virus	IC₁₀₀, 20–40 μM	NTZ	[17]
HCV genotype 1a	IC₅₀, 0.09 μg/ml	TIZ	[18]
HCV genotype 1b	IC₅₀, 0.06 μg/ml	TIZ	[18]
HBV in clinical trials	500 mg daily	NTZ	[11]
Chikungunya virus	IC₅₀, 2.96 μM	NTZ	[19]
Rubella virus	IC₅₀, 0.35 μg/ml	NTZ	[20]
Vaccinia virus	IC₅₀, 2 μM	NTZ	[21]
HIV	IC₅₀, 0.5 μg/ml	NTZ	[22]
HIV	IC₅₀, 0.5 μg/ml	TIZ	[22]
Human cytomegalovirus	IC₅₀, 3.2 μM	NTZ	[23]
Dengue-2 virus	IC₅₀, 0.1 μg/ml	TIZ	[24]
Yellow fever virus	IC₅₀, 0.06 μg/ml	TIZ	[24]
Japanese encephalitis	IC₅₀, 0.12 μg/ml	NTZ	[25]